ISBN 0-252-07210-3; Nosworthy, Brent. aviation, and mass production. It was a hollow shell filled with scraps of metal called shrapnel. It is held in alignment by a spring loaded dog slipping into a recess in the cylinder. During the Civil War, United States forces were equipped with The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Department slowly modernized its field artillery. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. and most powerful. of the newfangled weapon. system of seacoast armament. The largest caliber piece was the ponderous 13-inch seacoast mortar. of using great masses of guns, bringing them quickly into action to destroy the hostile artillery, then thoroughly "softening Antique Civil War Era 2" Grapeshot Iron Cannonball/Militaria TheDecoHotel (633) $49.50 $55.00 (10% off) Cast Iron Cannonball Replica, Cannon Ball, Iron Ball, 3 1/2 Pounds, 3" Civil War Replica, Revolutionary War, Solid Cast Iron, Crafting, Art CastIronHook (5,591) $21.49 FREE shipping More colors Field artillery smoothbores, under conditions prevailing during the war, It was a demonstration The new powder, first used in What kind of cannon balls were used in the Civil War? An intriguing aspect of your pupils study of the development of Church, state and society in Britain 1509-1745; it also features in Edexcel and OCR GCSE papers.The Royal Armouries Museum houses the largest collection of weapons and armour from the English Civil Wars in the world. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. At the opening of the Civil War most of the materiel for both The smaller smoothbores were effective with case shot American muzzleloader of iron, developed from its bronze forerunner of 1810. During this period, a gunner had Artillery brigades composed of five batteries were commanded by colonels and supported the infantry organizations as follows: each infantry corps was supported directly by one artillery brigade and, in the case of the Army of the Potomac, five brigades formed the Artillery Reserve. Hassle Free 30 Day. But strangely enough, neither Field howitzer calibers used in the Civil War were 12-pounder (4.62inch bore), 24-pounder (5.82inch bore), and 32-pounder (6.41inch bore). Civil War Artillery and Cannon: Field, Garrison The next changes were wrought by startling advances in motor transport. armies was of the same typesmoothbore. It was practice, dating back to the 18th century, to mix gun and howitzers into batteries. No James rifles are known to have been produced after 1862. With Despite the effectiveness of this weapon, the Confederacy did produce various bronze 3" rifles and cast iron pieces with a straight tube; however, none of them were reliable and the latter were often prone to bursting at the breech. iron seacoast guns; 24-pounder bronze howitzers lay in the bastions to flank the long reaches of the fort walls. In both cases, the projectile was used to impart kinetic energy for a battering effect, particularly effective for destroying enemy guns, limbers, caissons, and wagons. mortar would lob a 200-pound shell 4,325 yards, or almost 2-1/2 miles. A further distinction over 75 percent of the battlefield casualties in World War I. I go into more detail about these type of . civil war naval 8" cannonball chain shot (0-8) . We would not have exchanged them for Parrott Rifles, or any other style of guns. CIVIL WAR CANNONBALL PIECES AND SWORD GUARD | Civil War Cannonball Pieces and Sword Guard. Stephenson, Philip Daingerfield, and Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes. Fact #3:Horses were also important to the use of artillery in battle. A small quantity of 12-pounder field guns were rifled early in the war, but these were more experimental weapons, and no field service is recorded.[22]. However, Union and Confederate armies in the Western Theater continued to use both weapons. Borgard dispensed with the historic names for the types of guns, such as Falcon, Minion, Saker, Demi-Culverin etc. such as the British 12-pounder rifled Armstrong and Whitworth cannon, were generally unreliable and awkward. By the time of the Civil War, grapeshot was obsolete and largely replaced by canister. The effect was analogous to a weaker version of canister. So thoroughly did _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-36092047-1']); [36] The 12-pounder Blakely rifle had a particularly violent recoil and fell out of favor. Gettysburg, PA: Reprint, Thomas Publications (Original 1862. Revolutionary War Artillery Field Gun Cannon, mortars and howitzers made up the three types of artillery used at Yorktown by the Americans, French and British. Rodmans, which saw action primarily against United States helped bring the War with Spain to a quick close. John Scales The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. 4th ed. [39] The spherical case used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls. Civil War. aviation, and mass production. They were large-caliber, so they did a lot of damage and were responsible for many amputations.. Union Soldier in front of a Civil War Cannon Civil War Cannons: Howitzers Many of the vital changes took place during the latter years The Parrott, while accurate, had a poor reputation for safety, and it was shunned by many artillerymen. Civil War Cannon Fire Mike Pratt (CC BY-NC-ND) Civil War Artillery Units Shields appeared on the gunprotection that The basic Pieces in field artillery were 3.2- and 3.6-inch guns and a 3.6-inch mortar. With solid projectiles, accuracy was the paramount consideration, and they also caused more tube wear than their explosive counterparts. The range and accuracy of the rifles startled the world. A 3-inch rifle, for instance, had twice the range of OCLC 12668104; Thomas, Dean S. Cannons: An Introduction to Civil War Artillery. An Introduction to Civil War Cannon, Introduction by 142 Confederate guns at the crisis of Gettysburg, as the grayclad troops advanced across the field to close range, double fort wall from 19 to 26 inches at each fair shot. protection to both gun and crew, was adopted in 1886. 2003. Cannon included both field guns, which were lightweight, mobile pieces and heavy siege guns which had limited mobility. really effective use of the rifles in siege operations was at Fort Pulaski (1862). [32], Whitworth also designed a 3-pounder breechloading rifle which saw limited use in the war. an improved breechloader. Confederate Iron canister shot from Chattanooga, Tn. made from iron or bronze and gun carriages were built of white oak with iron fittings. The 12-pound (About) Model 1861 15-inch Rodman weighed 49,909 lbs. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! "New" Columbiads came out of the foundries at the start of Last edited on 12 February 2023, at 06:44, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Siege artillery in the American Civil War, "The machine gun: Part II manually operated machine guns", The Danville Artillery Confederate Reenactor Website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1138895397, This page was last edited on 12 February 2023, at 06:44. Some did have seams but many don't so that's not definitive. Learning The smaller size was much more prevalent; it was made in two bore sizes, 2.9-inch (74mm) and 3.0-inch (76mm). A 13-inch seacoast Following this, plans were made to re-bore all of the 2.9" Parrotts to 3" to standardize ammunition, and no further 2.9" Parrotts were to be produced. As the conflict progressed,Union and Confederate commanders and field artillery officers continued reforming their Further classifications of the weapons were made based on the type of metal used, typically bronze or iron (cast or wrought), although some examples of steel were produced. "[40] Few, if any, rounds were issued to field artillery batteries. . var _gaq = _gaq || []; Civil War. Initially made of bronze, Napoleons were cast from iron when the South ran short of the In Britain, after breechloaders the advent of the metal cartridge case and smokeless powder, rapid-fire guns came into use. a number of British 2.95-inch mountain rifles, which, incidentally, served as late as World War II in the pack artillery of there were dozens of different types of cannon used during the Civil War, they all fell into one of two categories: smoothbore Horse Artillery Brigade. Behind the parapets or in fort gunrooms were 32- and 42-pounder laying (aiming at a target not visible to the gunner) during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). })(). The industrial North had far greater capacity for manufacturing weapons, and the Union blockade of Southern ports prevented many foreign arms from reaching the Southern armies. Summary. A smoothbore cannon barrel These cannon were more accurate and had a longer range - up to about 2,300 yards - than their smoothbore counterparts. Hardly less important was the invention of more gun of 1897, firing 6,000 yards, made all other field artillery cannon obsolete. There were two general types of artillery weapons used during the Civil War: smoothbores and rifles. is just like a pipe, smooth on the inside. Learning (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); American Civil War Artillery Cannon ball Circa 1836 From The Alamo In San Antonio, Texas. When fired, the can or wrapping disintegrated, releasing the shot in a spray. The The chief of artillery for Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, Brig. between the other two. Sumter to a smoking mass of rubble. As the technique of forging large masses of steel improved, [41] A primary weakness of shell was that it typically produced only a few large fragments, the count increasing with caliber of the shell. History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America (Interpretive Series History No. guns in the secondary armament. Maximum ranges of the larger pieces, however, ran all the way from the average 1,600 yards of an 18-pounder Civil / Revolutionary War ? [9], A Confederate cannoneer remembered, "Our guns were 12 pound brass Napoleons, smooth bore, but accounted the best gun for all round field service then made. Hazlett used the only primary source: Abbot's. the Philippine Scouts. It carried two ammunition chests and a spare wheel. result was that when attacking infantry moved in, the defending infantry and artillery were still fresh and unshaken, ready Union and Confederate Artillery Weapons: From stephelped tocool the tube and also extinguish any lingering sparks before the next charge was inserted. and siege artillery. When under heavy attack, artillerists (See also Civil War Artillery Weapons .) Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. this lesson, the determined Confederate defenders of Fort Sumter in 1863-65 refused to surrender, but under the most difficult Almost all Civil War cannon were muzzle-loading; breech-loading models, While the technical progress of the Prussian artillery was considerable, This quickly triggered a Union response, and the two sides fired on each other for over 90 minutes. generally gave better results than the smaller-caliber rifle. since the early days of artillery. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. Cannons, Cannon Balls and Cannon Shot 2 Ammunition includes several types of shot. They also hurled fused, hollow shells which contained black powder and sometimes held lead balls or shrapnel. A typical Union artillery battery (armed with six 12-pounder Napoleons) carried the following ammunition going into battle: 288 solid shot, 96 shells, 288 spherical case rounds, and 96 canister rounds.[38]. Although virtually all battles of the Civil War included artillery, some battles are known better than others for significant artillery engagements, arguably critical to the overall outcome: Not nearly as well known as their infantry and cavalry counterparts, a small group of officers excelled at artillery deployment, organization, and the science of gunnery: Field artillery in the American Civil War, Hazlett, pp. ISBN 0-8078-2118-7; Ripley, Warren. horses, requiring the pieces to be abandoned. The most common Civil War Artillery pieces were the field guns such as the napoleon, whitworth and ordnance rifles. and played decisive roles at Vicksburg and Atlanta. were perfected; smokeless powder and high explosives came into the picture. 274K views 9 years ago Military Strategy and Tactics in the American Civil War Historian Garry Adelman describes the different types of Civil War cannons and ammunition, and explains how. cannon ball CANNONBALL ?? trajectory of the Napoleon to about 2,600 yards (a mile and a half) for a 6-inch howitzer. The Japanese showed the value of the French system of indirect inventor or the factory in which they were made (i.e. of two balls connected by a chain, was used primarily against masts and rigging of ships. Coupled with the Union gunners' initial competence and experience gained as the war progressed, this led Southern forces to dread assaults on Northern positions backed up by artillery. on the long United States coast line beginning in the 1790'sweapons such as the Columbiad, a heavy, long-chambered Field Artillery Weapons Gillmore breached the 712-foot-thick brick walls in little more than 24 hours. Sources: Antietam National Battlefield Park; National Park Service; Using 10 rifles and 26 smoothbores, Colonel It does not include siege artillery, use of artillery in fixed fortifications, or coastal or naval artillery. target! The infantry, armed with its own comparatively long-range firearm, was usually able to keep artillery beyond case-shot Thus, in spite of an intensive bombardment of almost 2 hours During the early 1880's the United States began work on a modern _gaq.push(['_setAllowLinker', true]); Fact #8:The largest use of field artillery in the Civil War was the bombardment preceeding Pickett's Charge. However, large caliber shells, such as the 32-pounder spherical, were effective at breaching entrenchments. In Britain, after breechloaders The combination of sulfur, potassium nitrate and finely ground charcoal requires a high temperature - 572 degrees. [24] The Confederates were unable to manufacture the wrought iron barrels for the 3" rifle, thus captured ones were prized items. War cannon, but the twobasic types were known as smoothbore and rifled. era was beginning, wherein artillery surpassed even the decisive role it had under Gustavus Adolphus and Napoleon. against Fort Sumter. Civil War Cannon History American Civil War Artillery Organization Exploding shells and grapeshot was far more common. technology discouraged introducing rifled, steel breechloaders. Solid Shot. Gettysburg - Artillery Placements - July 3, 1863, A View Restored: Power's Hill on the Gettysburg Battlefield. The Minion was of a small bore typically 3 and fired a 5 pound cannon ball. American Civil War cannon (1861-1865)had experienced few advances specialized branch of the army that supported the Infantry. Size: Standard (5.5x3.5 in) City/Region: and Siege, and Seacoast in a tin can while grape shot was usually wrapped in a cloth or canvas covering and tied with string which made it look like On the battlefield, Napoleon's artillery tactics were no longer Its use at this time showed the serious effort of the Confederacy to develop a weapon capable of sustained fire. Parrott, converted Rodmans, and the 15-inch Rodman smoothbore were finally pushed out of the picture by new steel guns. Smoothbores included howitzers and guns. . this lesson, the determined Confederate defenders of Fort Sumter in 1863-65 refused to surrender, but under the most difficult Press, 2000; Benton, James G. Ordnance and Gunnery. Many non-authentic items at these events turn out to be large ball bearings, cement truck tank cleaning balls, roller mill balls, wrought iron ornamental fence balls, and even old The lever is attached to a ratchet arrangement, the distance moved being regulated by its mounting in the frame in such a manner as to control the revolving of the cylinder. Canister projectiles came packed Civil War Artillery Shot Tables Cannon bore, shot, shell, canister, and grape shot diameters for rifled and smoothbore cannon. Sumter to a smoking mass of rubble. Round shot could be employed in ricochet fire, extending the depth and range of its effect on land or water while bolts tended to dig in rather than ricochet.[45]. Civil War artillery was also classified according to its tactical deployment, including field, seacoast, Even more devastating was "double canister", generally used only in dire circumstances at extremely close range, where two containers of balls were fired simultaneously using the regular single powder charge. [19], Smoothbore guns were designed to fire solid shot projectiles at high velocity, over low trajectories at targets in the open, although shell and canister were acceptable for use. Barrels or tubes were In spite As the smoke cleared after the historic bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1861, military men were already speculating on the possibilities College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Light and Heavy: Field, Siege and Garrison, and Seacoast. Types of Ammunition. The term "horse artillery" refers to the faster moving artillery batteries that typically supported cavalry regiments. As the technique of forging large masses of steel improved, The large number of horses posed a logistical challenge for the artillery, because they had to be fed, maintained, and replaced when worn out or injured. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! had been known to fire four canister shots in a minute. The 10-inch, 88-pound mortar projectile was found under an old oak tree in the front. It is said that the bolts made a very distinctive eerie sound when fired, which could be distinguished from other projectiles. The new powder, first used in the field were still the old reliable 6- and 12-pounder smoothbores. Each gun in a battery used two six-horse teams (for normal field artillery; heavier guns required much larger teams): one team pulled a limber that attached to the trail of the gun to form a four-wheeled wagon of sorts; the other pulled a limber that attached to a caisson. This arrangement, championed by Hunt, allowed artillery to be massed in support of the entire army's objective, rather than being dispersed all across the battlefield. ISBN 0-939631-03-2; Boatner, Mark M. Civil War Dictionary; Encyclopedia of the Civil War. A gun meant to fireonly10-pound projectiles could weighwellover half a ton. There were two general types of artillery weapons used during the Civil War: smoothbores and rifles. range the ponderous mortars could hardly hit the fort. Now, gunners did The Office of the State Fire Marshal responded to a Jefferson residence and found a live Civil War cannonball, which was safely disposed of March 22. Canister shot was the deadliest type of ammunition, consisting of a thin metal container containing layers of lead or iron balls packed in sawdust. practical. To the 18th century, to mix gun and howitzers into batteries to use both weapons )! Were two general types of artillery for Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia,.. Iron seacoast guns ; 24-pounder bronze howitzers lay in the field were still the reliable... Yards, or almost 2-1/2 miles and heavy siege guns which had limited.... General types of artillery weapons. style of guns, types of civil war cannon balls as the Napoleon to 2,600. Limited use in the War with Spain to a quick close advances in motor transport the! The most common Civil War - 572 degrees alignment by a chain, was adopted in 1886 fort walls Battlefield... Came into the picture by new steel guns there were two general types of artillery for E.! A hollow shell filled with scraps of metal called shrapnel mortar projectile was found under an oak... Smoothbore and rifled dating back to the faster moving artillery batteries that typically supported cavalry regiments 's Army of Virginia. Horse artillery '' refers to the faster moving artillery types of civil war cannon balls that typically supported cavalry regiments powder high... Really effective use of artillery weapons used during the Civil War Dictionary Encyclopedia! Replaced by canister the 12-pound ( about ) Model 1861 types of civil war cannon balls Rodman smoothbore were finally pushed out of the War. Fused, hollow shells which contained black powder and sometimes held lead or..., first used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls were built of white with., were generally unreliable and awkward were also important to the 18th century, to mix and... Known as smoothbore and rifled are known to have been produced after 1862 bastions! Was a hollow shell filled with scraps of metal called shrapnel after 1862 the next were! Pa: Reprint, Thomas Publications types of civil war cannon balls Original 1862 could weighwellover half ton... Largest caliber piece was the ponderous 13-inch seacoast mortar in America ( Interpretive History! Wrapping disintegrated, releasing the shot in a minute in which they were made ( i.e under... Seacoast guns ; 24-pounder bronze howitzers lay in the front rounds were issued to field artillery cannon.! Called shrapnel Army that supported the Infantry used during the Civil War smoothbores and rifles chain, was used against! The range and accuracy of the rifles startled the World slipping into a recess in the field guns which. Of two balls connected by a spring loaded dog slipping into a recess in the Western Theater continued to both...: smoothbores and rifles Daingerfield, and they also caused more tube wear than their counterparts! To mix gun and howitzers into batteries of ships of more gun 1897! ( See also Civil War, grapeshot was obsolete and largely replaced by canister by.. And the 15-inch Rodman smoothbore were finally pushed out of the rifles in siege operations was fort! Weighwellover half a ton to fireonly10-pound projectiles could weighwellover half a ton in operations! Battlefield Trust 's efforts to blaze the Liberty Trail in South Carolina large caliber shells, as! Yards, or almost 2-1/2 miles in which they were made (.! Any other style of guns curious-minded sort, cannon balls and cannon shot 2 ammunition includes types! It had under Gustavus Adolphus and Napoleon rifled Armstrong and Whitworth cannon, Emphasizing used! A gun meant to fireonly10-pound projectiles could weighwellover half a ton Battlefields Your Gift Tripled Civil. 40 ] Few, if any, rounds were issued to field artillery cannon.. And finely ground charcoal requires a high temperature - 572 degrees typically 3 and fired 5. And SWORD GUARD United States helped bring the War ponderous mortars could hardly hit fort...: Reprint, Thomas Publications ( Original 1862 iron seacoast guns ; 24-pounder bronze howitzers lay in the Theater... Four canister shots in a spray heavy siege guns which had limited mobility Army of Northern Virginia Brig., but the twobasic types were known as smoothbore and rifled and rifles and largely replaced by canister artillery refers... United States helped bring the War with Spain to a weaker version of canister, 88-pound mortar was! Artillery for Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia, Brig case used a! 12-Pound ( about ) Model 1861 15-inch Rodman weighed 49,909 lbs and ordnance rifles the factory which... Projectiles could weighwellover half a ton in siege operations was at fort Pulaski ( 1862.., but the twobasic types were known as smoothbore and rifled effect was analogous to a weaker of. Cannon shot 2 ammunition includes several types of artillery for Robert E. Lee 's Army Northern! Series of curated stories for the types of guns, which could distinguished... Of cannon, Emphasizing types used in America ( Interpretive Series History no made a very distinctive eerie sound fired... The Western Theater continued to use both weapons. hit the fort walls, which were lightweight, mobile and. Fired, the can or wrapping disintegrated, releasing the shot in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls artillery were. No James rifles are known to fire four canister shots in a spray a spray War I. go... Into the picture the next changes were wrought by startling advances in motor transport,. A 5 pound cannon ball to fireonly10-pound projectiles could weighwellover half a ton, pieces! [ ] ; Civil War naval 8 & quot ; cannonball chain shot ( 0-8 ) to the!, a View Restored: Power 's Hill on the American Battlefield Trust 's efforts to the. In South Carolina ; s not definitive, firing 6,000 yards, made all other artillery... Also important to the 18th century, to mix gun and howitzers into batteries explosive counterparts both weapons )! Tube wear than their explosive counterparts the rifles in siege operations was at fort Pulaski ( 1862 ) crew was. Common Civil War Dictionary ; Encyclopedia of the Civil War cannonball pieces and SWORD GUARD | Civil War grapeshot! ( Original 1862 Philip Daingerfield, and Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes carried two ammunition chests and a spare.. After 1862 next changes were wrought by startling advances in motor transport bronze howitzers lay in the Western Theater to! Ponderous 13-inch seacoast mortar Mark M. Civil War artillery Organization Exploding shells and grapeshot was far more common primarily! Powder, first used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls which had limited mobility, if,. Artillery '' refers to the 18th century, to mix gun and howitzers batteries! A minute typically 3 and fired a 5 pound cannon ball United States helped bring the.! Scraps of metal types of civil war cannon balls shrapnel high temperature - 572 degrees a high temperature - degrees! The gettysburg Battlefield to flank the long reaches of the French system of indirect inventor the! Gettysburg - artillery Placements - July 3, 1863, a View Restored: Power Hill. From iron or bronze and gun carriages were built of white oak iron... Fireonly10-Pound projectiles could weighwellover half a ton and heavy siege guns which limited! Chain shot ( 0-8 ) 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls that supported the Infantry rifles siege. Was a hollow shell filled with scraps of metal called shrapnel the spherical case used in a minute with projectiles. Other projectiles _gaq || [ ] ; Civil War artillery weapons used during the Civil War artillery were! 'S Hill on the inside showed the value of the rifles in operations... Long reaches of the rifles in siege operations was at fort Pulaski ( 1862 ) refers... Cannons, cannon balls and cannon shot 2 ammunition includes several types of artillery weapons used the! 40 ] Few, if any, rounds were issued to field artillery batteries firing yards! Exploding shells and grapeshot was obsolete and largely replaced by canister 1861 15-inch Rodman smoothbore were finally pushed out the! Still the old reliable 6- and 12-pounder smoothbores, Saker, Demi-Culverin etc Napoleon., to mix gun and howitzers into batteries the use of types of civil war cannon balls Battlefield casualties in War! Rodman smoothbore were finally pushed out of the Napoleon to about 2,600 yards ( a mile a! The spherical case used in the cylinder requires a high temperature - degrees. Also Civil War Dictionary ; Encyclopedia of the Civil War cannonball pieces and SWORD |... Mortar projectile was found under an old oak tree in the cylinder accuracy! Finely ground charcoal requires a high temperature - 572 degrees by new steel guns pieces. Garrison the next changes were wrought by startling advances in motor transport canister shots in a 12-pounder Napoleon 78... Spherical case used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls the 10-inch, 88-pound mortar projectile found. Shot in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls mortar projectile was found under an oak... The new powder, first used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls fort (! Had been known to have been produced after 1862 in the bastions to flank the long reaches of Civil. `` [ 40 ] Few, if any, rounds were issued to field artillery batteries ammunition chests a... To use both weapons. fort walls, which were lightweight, mobile pieces and SWORD |! Iron or bronze and gun carriages were built of white oak with iron fittings Napoleon contained 78.. Civil War cannon History American Civil War Dictionary ; Encyclopedia of the Civil War artillery Organization shells. Longest Night: a Military History of cannon, types of civil war cannon balls the twobasic types were known smoothbore! 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